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4.动态SQL

动态SQL

Mybatis框架的动态SQL技术是一种根据特定条件动态拼装SQL语句的功能,它存在的意义是为了解决拼接SQL语句字符串时的痛点问题

if

  • if标签可通过test属性(即传递过来的数据)的表达式进行判断,若表达式的结果为true,则标签中的内容会执行;反之标签中的内容不会执行

  • 在where后面添加一个恒成立条件 1=1

  • 这个恒成立条件并不会影响查询的结果

    • 这个 1=1 可以用来拼接 and 语句,例如:当empName为null时
    • 如果不加上恒成立条件,则SQL语句为 select * from t_emp where and age = ? and sex = ? and email = ? ,此时 where 会与 and 连用,SQL语句会报错
      • 如果加上一个恒成立条件,则SQL语句为 select * from t_emp where 1= 1 and age = ? and sex = ? and email = ? ,此时不报错
    <!--List<Emp> getEmpByCondition(Emp emp);-->
    <select id="getEmpByCondition" resultType="Emp">
    select * from t_emp where 1=1
    <if test="empName != null and empName !=''">
    and emp_name = #{empName}
    </if>
    <if test="age != null and age !=''">
    and age = #{age}
    </if>
    <if test="sex != null and sex !=''">
    and sex = #{sex}
    </if>
    <if test="email != null and email !=''">
    and email = #{email}
    </if>
    </select>

where

  • where和if一般结合使用:

    • 若where标签中的if条件都不满足,则where标签没有任何功能,即不会添加where关键字
    • 若where标签中的if条件满足,则where标签会自动添加where关键字,并将条件最前方多余的and/or去掉
    <!--List<Emp> getEmpByCondition(Emp emp);-->
    <select id="getEmpByCondition" resultType="Emp">
    select * from t_emp
    <where>
    <if test="empName != null and empName !=''">
    emp_name = #{empName}
    </if>
    <if test="age != null and age !=''">
    and age = #{age}
    </if>
    <if test="sex != null and sex !=''">
    and sex = #{sex}
    </if>
    <if test="email != null and email !=''">
    and email = #{email}
    </if>
    </where>
    </select>

    注意:where标签不能去掉条件后多余的and/or

    <!--这种用法是错误的,只能去掉条件前面的and/or,条件后面的不行-->
    <if test="empName != null and empName !=''">
    emp_name = #{empName} and
    </if>
    <if test="age != null and age !=''">
    age = #{age}
    </if>

trim

trim用于去掉或添加标签中的内容

常用属性:

  • prefix:在trim标签中的内容的前面添加某些内容
  • suffix:在trim标签中的内容的后面添加某些内容
  • prefixOverrides:在trim标签中的内容的前面去掉某些内容
  • suffixOverrides:在trim标签中的内容的后面去掉某些内容
  • 若trim中的标签都不满足条件,则trim标签没有任何效果,也就是只剩下 select * from t_emp
<!--List<Emp> getEmpByCondition(Emp emp);-->
<select id="getEmpByCondition" resultType="Emp">
select * from t_emp
<trim prefix="where" suffixOverrides="and|or">
<if test="empName != null and empName !=''">
emp_name = #{empName} and
</if>
<if test="age != null and age !=''">
age = #{age} and
</if>
<if test="sex != null and sex !=''">
sex = #{sex} or
</if>
<if test="email != null and email !=''">
email = #{email}
</if>
</trim>
</select>
//测试类
@Test
public void getEmpByCondition() {
SqlSession sqlSession = SqlSessionUtils.getSqlSession();
DynamicSQLMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(DynamicSQLMapper.class);
List<Emp> emps= mapper.getEmpByCondition(new Emp(null, "张三", null, null,null, null));
System.out.println(emps);
}

1704782142899

choose、when、otherwise

  • choose、when、otherwise 相当于 if...else if..else
  • when至少要有一个,otherwise至多只有一个
<select id="getEmpByChoose" resultType="Emp">
select * from t_emp
<where>
<choose>
<when test="empName != null and empName != ''">
emp_name = #{empName}
</when>
<when test="age != null and age != ''">
age = #{age}
</when>
<when test="sex != null and sex != ''">
sex = #{sex}
</when>
<when test="email != null and email != ''">
email = #{email}
</when>
<otherwise>
did = 1
</otherwise>
</choose>
</where>
</select>
@Test
public void getEmpByChoose() {
SqlSession sqlSession = SqlSessionUtils.getSqlSession();
DynamicSQLMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(DynamicSQLMapper.class);
List<Emp> emps = mapper.getEmpByChoose(new Emp(null, "张三", 23, "男","[email protected]", null));
System.out.println(emps);
}

1704782251145

相当于 if a else if b else if c else d ,只会执行其中一个

foreach

属性:

  • collection:设置要循环的数组或集合
    • item:表示集合或数组中的每一个数据
    • separator:设置循环体之间的分隔符,分隔符前后默认有一个空格,如 ,
    • open:设置foreach标签中的内容的开始符
    • close:设置foreach标签中的内容的结束符
  • 批量删除
<!--int deleteMoreByArray(Integer[] eids);-->
<delete id="deleteMoreByArray">
delete from t_emp where eid in
<foreach collection="eids" item="eid" separator="," open="(" close=")">
#{eid}
</foreach>
</delete>
@Test
public void deleteMoreByArray() {
SqlSession sqlSession = SqlSessionUtils.getSqlSession();
DynamicSQLMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(DynamicSQLMapper.class);
int result = mapper.deleteMoreByArray(new Integer[]{6, 7, 8, 9});
System.out.println(result);
}
  • 批量添加
<!--int insertMoreByList(@Param("emps") List<Emp> emps);-->
<insert id="insertMoreByList">
insert into t_emp values
<foreach collection="emps" item="emp" separator=",">
(null,#{emp.empName},#{emp.age},#{emp.sex},#{emp.email},null)
</foreach>
</insert>
@Test
public void insertMoreByList() {
SqlSession sqlSession = SqlSessionUtils.getSqlSession();
DynamicSQLMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(DynamicSQLMapper.class);
Emp emp1 = new Emp(null,"a",1,"男","[email protected]",null);
Emp emp2 = new Emp(null,"b",1,"男","[email protected]",null);
Emp emp3 = new Emp(null,"c",1,"男","[email protected]",null);
List<Emp> emps = Arrays.asList(emp1, emp2, emp3);
int result = mapper.insertMoreByList(emps);
System.out.println(result);
}

SQL片段

  • sql片段,可以记录一段公共sql片段,在使用的地方通过include标签进行引入

  • 声明sql片段: 标签

    <sql id="empColumns">eid,emp_name,age,sex,email</sql>
  • 引用sql片段: 标签 <!--List<Emp> getEmpByCondition(Emp emp);-->

    <!--List<Emp> getEmpByCondition(Emp emp);-->
    <select id="getEmpByCondition" resultType="Emp">
    select <include refid="empColumns"></include> from t_emp
    </select>